Xbox one x keeps randomly getting hot then shutting off

If your console is positioned properly and is still over heating, since you have a One X, I would be willing to bet the issue would be internal more so than external. There could be an issue with your internal power supply or the fan in your console. Its
normal for the console to get warm, hot even, but with it repeatedly shutting off no matter how you position it... that is worrying. I would consider getting your console looked at or serviced officially.

I'll throw this to you, just so you can get a quick look at it: https://beta.support.xbox.com/help/hardware-network/console/position-ventilate-console

You'd ideally want to look at this: https://beta.support.xbox.com/help/hardware-network/warranty-service/getting-your-product-serviced

make the warranty valid, if you don't have it send it to the service to identify the problem and the cost

Check the ventilation holes on the sides of the console for dust accumulation and clean them. I vacuum clean mine about once a month.

Sudden dramatic shut down or prolonged fan noise is an indication of overheating and the console safety feature will kick in to prevent damage.

The ventilation holes need to be clear to allow airflow.

Dust is easy to see against a black console, a little difficult against a white console.

I purchased a refurbished Xbox One from Gamestop a couple weeks ago.....

In that case Gamestop is responsible for the function of the console.

If the console is not working as expected, take the console to Gamestop and show them that the console turns off.

Have them repair or replace the console.

Which Xbox One is it? Also what warranty do you have on it. Maybe you should take it back to Gamestop for replacement.