Microsoft Solitaire doesn't sync progress/achievements etc. between Win10 PC and Surface ...

With WIndows 8/10 Solitaire is now linked to Xbox - it's basically the framework that allows you to sync progress across devices (e.g. PC, iPad, Android).

There is no multiplayer functionality in the game itself, however some of the "features" (if you'd like to call them that, I personally enjoy them but each to their own) requires the Xbox infrastructure to work correctly. For example, the daily challenges,
achievements, syncing progress - all of those are tied to the xbox account.

You shouldn't be bothered more than once to create/setup the account - it's the same as whatever Microsoft account you have (e.g. the one you posted this question with).

Technology advances and Microsofts decision was to go with the flow - allow people to use multiple devices, put ads into their games, etc.

If you really, really want the original solitaire back, you can follow the instructions on this page:

https://www.windowscentral.com/how-get-classic-solitaire-back-windows-10

It's not something trivial to do though.

Saving Microsoft Solitaire Collection progress between Windows 10 and earlier versions

With the Windows 10 version of Microsoft Solitaire Collection, your progress is automatically saved to the cloud. This means you can sign in on any Windows 10 device and pick up right where you left off. The cloud even saves your progress on challenges and
achievements.

If you're also using a Windows 8 or 8.1 device, your progress is automatically saved to the cloud as well, and you can keep earning achievements and completing challenges between other Windows 8, 8.1, and Windows 10 devices.

Note Any achievements and challenges that you complete on your Windows 10 device will not be available on your Windows 8 or 8.1 devices. The Windows 10 version of Microsoft Solitaire Collection contains new features and challenges that aren't
available in previous versions of the game.

For example, if you play Microsoft Solitaire Collection on your Windows 8.1 device at work and complete all the daily challenges, you’ll find that these challenges are incomplete when you open Microsoft Solitaire Collection on your Windows 10 device at home.
The next day, when you return to your Windows 8.1 device, the challenges from the previous day will show as completed.

I can login to my Microsoft Xbox (Solitaire, Mahjong etc. ) games on my Windows 8.1 Surface Tablet - BUT On NONE of my windows 10 devices. Both tablets and PCs ..... Treasure hunt, however hasn't been working for weeks on any device.

Apparently Quantum Break in Win10 is fully synced with the One, meaning that your game progress, including achievements, will be identical regardless of the platform you play on (assuming you sign in with a common gamertag/microsoft account). Accordingly,
you might be able to "unstick" broken achievements by playing on the One.

This is different than Rise of the Tomb Raider where the Win10 and One versions have separate (albeit identical) achievement lists. I have broken achievements on the Win10 version but 100% on the One.

Personally, I wish they had kept separate lists for the Win10 and One versions of Quantum Break. I like doubling up achievements. It also made the free code for the Win10 version worthless to me because I had already fully played the game on the One.

Unfortunately, your problems with different games/achievements just further confirm that this problem has something to do with the achievement system linked to Win10. I wish MS would figure this out or at least work out a support system so that they can
unlock stuck achievements when they can confirm that they should be unlocked. It's been almost 6 months now with no technical solution from MS.

With the Windows 10 version of Microsoft Solitaire Collection, your progress is automatically saved to the cloud. This means you can sign in on any Windows 10 device and pick up right where you left off. The
cloud even saves your progress on challenges and achievements.

If you're also using a Windows 8 or 8.1 device, your progress is automatically saved to the cloud as well, and you can keep earning achievements and completing challenges between other Windows 8, 8.1, and Windows
10 devices.