Is there a way to transfer certain game progress into a new consul

Yes, your character progress is saved server side. So when you log into Sea of Thieves from any console or PC, your character and progress will be there if you're signed in with the same Microsoft Account. You wouldn't need to transfer or do anything;
when connected to the internet it will sync progress automatically and should have all of your stuff there without any further action.

Alternatively you
could copy the game and local content to an external hard drive and then utilize that on the new console. Furthermore if they're both on the same network,

you can use the network transfer function in Settings to move the content over. Regardless, it will still sync the latest data when you connect and start it up.

Let us know if you run into issues with the new console.

Hi beastboss11,

I am pretty sure with Sea of Thieves your progress is stored in the cloud. So it is as simple as just signing into your Xbox One S with your username and loading Sea of Thieves up once it has been downloaded. On first load, your save data should sync with
the game.

If you are talking about transferring from one gamertag account to a different Gamertag account, that is not possible as far as I am aware.

Hope this helps

Just like the others have stated most everything you go with xbox is stored on the cloud so your progress is always transferable when you get a new system.

Is there a way to create a new account with a different age and then transfer all my progress over?

there is no way to transfer your progress between game platforms.