I purchased the game pass, they charged my card but it was not activated

Hello! how long ago did you do it? it can take some time. If nothing changes in 24hrs, I would contact support.

I bought it now in the morning, thought it was already active after purchase but no. I was charged, but it doesn't even appear in my microsoft purchase history

Ony to be clearm are you sure you are sugin the same account when you bought the subscription and when you check it?

Where did you checked this? Console? (I suggest you a power cycle by clicking the power button 10+seconds) OR on the https://account.microsoft.com/services/? (better choice)

I bought it now in the morning, thought it was already active after purchase but no. I was charged, but it doesn't even appear in my microsoft purchase history

Hello Beepilix how are you?
My name is Ezequiel I'm an Independent Consultant. If you really don't have a Game Pass subscription activated on your console, you don't have any benefits and all the information is saying that you don't have a Game Pass subscription and you're still being charged, most likely they cloned your card and are using the your card to pay some subscription on another account, I don't see any other explanation. Most credit cards nowadays have mobile applications, download the application on your cell phone and block purchases made over the internet or activate the virtual credit card, so the charge will no longer be made, because your card will be safe from new charges.

You cannot use your balance to pay for subscriptions

You are required to have a credit card on file to subscribe to services and a test charge will be made, and the $1 charged to your card.

If you wish to purchase Game Pass with a gift card you have to get Game Pass specific gift cards