Xbox360 to Xbox360

What is the procedure for transferring stuff from one xbox360 to another one? I have one that is failing, keeps shutting itself off. A friend is letting me use/have the one he has. These are the black case model. My buddy says they are elite models, I dont
know.

I have had data stored on a usb flash drive since using this last/current console (been through three or 4 used ones, they are problematic) just waiting for this one to fail so I wouldn't lose all my progress on the game I play on it. So I assume I can just
plug that in to the new/other one and access that data fairly automatically. But what about when you first turn it on and you have to select your log in character or whatever? Is that data going to be automatically on that usb drive too? I've never used this
to go online for anything, only disc play on the console.

I dont have a lot of experience with this and actually, literally only play one game, so please forgive my ignorance. I just dont want to mess anything up or lose anything. I want to be able to leave whatever my buddy has on there for content in case I give
it back to him, and just put my disc in and use the console as I have been using the other and not even concern myself with his content.

I hear about a transfer cable. It looks like its just an Ethernet cable (large phone looking plug).

I searched and could not find a decent step by step way to go from 2 of the same consoles. I saw how to go up to an Xbox one, etc. but not the same type of console.

Any help is appreciated

:)