why is my Xbox showing an E100 error each time it tries to verify an update at 52%?

Have a look at this page, it should resolve your issue

Error E100 occurs when you try to update your Xbox One console

Would definitely recommend going over the steps mentioned by @xDarkStar73x; However, in case the troubleshooting page wasn't helpful you can go over the steps below:

Pressing the Pair button and Eject button at the same time forces the console to look for the USB drive update, as the console won't look for a USB drive unless it needs it. This helps to decrease console start times for all startups when this step is not needed.

The first power-up tone occurs approximately 10 seconds after powering up. This indicates that a USB update has been detected. The second power-up tone indicates that the update file has been copied and mounted. This is important, as it confirms you have successfully initiated the process.

If the reset wasn't very helpful as well, it's time to follow the steps mentioned in the link below to perform an offline update on your console.

The link: Perform an offline system update | Xbox Support

I am running GB Fiber over Wireless on my console which is plugged into a very good quality power strip rated at 3200 Joules. The power setting on the console is set to "Instant On". I usually have the issue in the Apply Update portion and it errors
at about 52 - 53% and then throws a E100 error but only once it threw a E200 error. The E100 error makes me resolve the issue with the Factory reset, but I only utilize that option after all other troubleshooting/resolution steps have been performed first.

OK, this is the second time in two or three months that the system update causes the e100 error. The first two steps of the update are ok. When it reaches the third step it crashes and troubleshoot apppears with the e100 error. This is becoming annoying.
Fix your updates. My console is not the only one with this issues due to a recent system update.

Pulled from
https://support.xbox.com/en-US/xbox-one/errors/error-code-e100

1. Go to the Xbox One System Update Solution.
2. SelectI am getting an error message or an error code.
3. SelectI am getting an error code.
4. Scroll down the screen and selectE100 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX.
5. Follow the instructions in Step 4 to successfully update your console.

Since the update froze at 52%, the step 4 was not made available to do the OSU1 or OSU2 update.

The only way the update completed upon restart was as I said above.

This tells me that the XBox OS is NOT hardware "Plug And Play" compatible.

Many other web sites say that the only way for a replacement ODD/DVD drive to work was to put the original drive controller board into the replacement unit.