Why is my console banned is unknown

Reasons for your console being banned are not disclosed by Microsoft for security reasons.

However, the most common reasons for a
device ban include (but are not limited to):

• Repeated or especially serious violations of the Code of Conduct.
• This Xbox was used in any instance of fraud (account, financial, etc).
• This Xbox was tampered with or used for hacking.

Sorry but the enforcement team does not monitor theses forum and they are the ones who have access to that information. This link has information about console bans that my help you understand why your console was ban:
https://enforcement.xbox.com/en-US/home/howto#sub-topic0-3

If I'm supposed to go there then why would support tell me to make a forum post here?

Also it states that ALL console bans are permanent yet mine lifts on the 10th of October.

Sorry but the enforcement team does not monitor theses forum and they are the ones who have access to that information. This link has information about console bans that my help you understand why your console was ban: https://enforcement.xbox.com/en-US/home/howto#sub-topic0-3

The enforcement team used to use the forums and phone and chat support still think they do. They don't have correct information regarding the forums. They do issue temporary bans now, but the other information regarding console bans is still the same.

This information is helpful but still doesn't answer why the ban has no reasoning behind it or if it may be lifted. If it can be then could I get instructions on how to make a ticket or appeal for so?

There is no way to contact the enforcement team regarding console bans. All you can do is wait it out.