If my xbox one hard drive dies, and I decide not to replace it but get a new console, will...

The XBOX will boot whether the hard drive is dead or not. If the light on the power brick is green when connected to your console and it doesn't power up. It would be a dead component that isn't removeable from the motherboard or the whole board in general.
Either way, it's toast! I do hope Microsoft decides to replace your console for you or that you decide to purchase a new one eventually.

Well that's the conclusion I reached, but I will test it further before I lash out and buy a replacement. It's a shame there aren't better diagnostic tools or error logs to confirm this....

I already have the data transfer cable from the previous data transfer I did when my second Xbox died.

My followup question is where can I buy a replacement hard drive for my generation of Xbox? I can't find a retailer in Australia that stocks it. Further to that Microsoft don't even list it is an accessory anymore!

All I can think of is paying Microsoft as an out of warranty repair to essentially replace the hard drive, but I'd prefer a new hard drive to a refurbished one....

Knowitall, I did not Modify any part of my console, I replaced the DVD drive that runs the games, not the HDD. I'm on my third console (2 had died due to red ring of death)

Maybe they should have giving me a new XBOX instead of the faulty one they had given me. If they had I would not be in this postion now. I see it as if my home computers dvd drive stoped working, I would go out and get a new one. In this case MS told me
a new drive would be 150$ plus taxes, so instead I got a new drive for 20$

Sorry to say, but I think your hard drive died.

No way to get your saves back..

You'll need to get it replaced, or if you still have warranty call support and get it replaced.

m.gamespot.com/.../xbox-one-contains-non-replaceable-hard-drive-6408707