Does a USB Bluetooth dongle work with an Xbox?

You would have to use a USB dongle, Xbox does not support Bluetooth

The mic seems to work fine with this bluetooth USB dongle on windows 10

Avantree DG80 Bluetooth 5.0 USB

Driver rollback works for USB or Wifi dongle but not Bluetooth.

If it's an "off the shelf" Bluetooth dongle, then no.

In order to work, an USB device needs specific drivers, so the computer or console knows which kind of data is coming in through the USB Port.

Since you can't install additional drivers on a Xbox console, you'll have to live with those drivers that come with the console, and that is without a basic Bluetooth stack.

So no, you can't simply plug in a Bluetooth dongle hoping the headset will work.

You will need specific Xbox Licensed headsets to work wireless on the Xbox One. Or simply get a standard 3.5mm headset and connect that to your wireless controller.

Or get a wireless headset that has it's own wireless base station that connects to the physical audio output of the Xbox One (i.e. optical TOSLINK), and gets power through the USB Port. But currently, no audio is put out via USB. Then the headset's base
station transmits the sound via it's own proprietary wireless protocol, or if the Base Station supports it, Bluetooth.

headphones yes but microphones headphones are a big iffy subject