being booted

You can report them via their profile, but you'd need to contact your ISP to get back online and stay online. https://support.xbox.com/en-US/help/hardware-network/connect-network/dos-attacks-faq

Okay. Thanks. I really appreciate it.

Even in PC Minecraft, if it's only the Host who is presented with a list of IPs, other players trying to find them could easily do so. You're not presented with IPs playing Halo or Call of Duty but DDoS attacks and worse still happens here.

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They also don't have to invite you.... any real-time connection between them and you gives them your IP. Messaging doesn't, but if they join your Party or Game they've got it immediately. They'd just make sure they weren't searching (ie, weren't connected
to other IPs) and then join your party. Most recent IPs are you/anyone else in the party, minus the IP for the game, XBL and perhaps a few others (but they'd be well familiar with these and ignore them)

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Then all you'd have to do is discern where each IP comes from. If you're from the US, one of your mates is too and the other three in the Party are English, it's a 50/50 chance that they pick you out (because they can immediately disqualify anyone not from
the US) and if we're talking about a DDoS to keep you offline, most programs could easily shut down two IPs at once.

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As far as actually accessing someone's computer, I'd say it's fairly likely they wouldn't try it or wouldn't try it for very long if they weren't absolutely sure it was the correct IP. Lots of digging around and research to do and it's --probably-- not worth
doing twice.

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"Through Xbox Live Parties/Chat. How would they get an IP when every player connects to a server? Only the server admin has access to the IP list/log, right?".

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You don't need Party Chat/Private Chat/an invite to the target's pre-game lobby to find their IP. As soon as you join a P2P game, all player IPs and the IP for the game and service (possibly your ISP provider/more) can be detected. It just helps to invite
someone so that you're sure of the IP.

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I don't know if you could still do that with a game that uses dedicated servers... it depends on whether the server relays the game's information without actually a player's IP to the other players, but I'd say it would... I'm pretty sure either that it
would or that you could still find the IP with a slightly different technique.

Through Xbox Live Parties/Chat. How would they get an IP when every player connects to a server? Only the server admin has access to the IP list/log, right?

That's actually a good question. I don't believe so, plus, they could easily invite you to their game/private chat/party chat. It's a good thing you can't join people at will, else it would be more common.

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I'm pretty sure you could still access IPs with dedicated servers, but whether you could discern who was who, I don't know.